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Recent Ohio Additions to the National Register of Historic PlacesCOLUMBUS, Ohio - The following Ohio properties have recently been added to the National Register of Historic Places by the U.S. Department of the Interior: Adena / Jefferson County Canton / Stark County Cincinnati / Hamilton County Cleveland / Cuyahoga County Rockefeller Park and Cleveland Cultural Gardens Historic District South Brooklyn Commercial District Columbus / Franklin County Franklinton Rowhouse Apartments Jackson / Jackson County Lorain / Lorain County Mentor / Lake County Oxford / Butler County Pandora vicinity / Putnam County Rock Creek / Ashtabula County West Milton / Miami County Youngstown and Boardman Township / Mahoning County Background Adena / Jefferson County Completed in 1893, the Bernhard House was added to the National Register for its local architectural significance as an example of the Queen Anne style of the 1880s and 1890s. The family for whom the house was built owned the Bernhard and Tweedy Lumber Company in Adena, an important early Ohio Valley business. Canton / Stark County Built in 1891, the St. Edward Hotel was added to the National Register for its association with Canton civic and business leader and entrepreneur Edward J. Meyer (1858-1920), who bought and renamed it in 1903, made improvements to the building, upgraded the hotel, and moved his family there. The hotel is representative of his diverse business accomplishments, which include development of Meyer's Lake, a well-known amusement park; development of Lakeside Stock Farm, where he bred prize racing horses; donation of land to attract a prominent industry to Canton; development of a large subdivision in the city; proprietorship of two hotels; and political activism. Cincinnati / Hamilton County One of the early homes in Riverside, a suburban community developed in the first half of the 19th century on the near west side of Cincinnati, the 1840 McWilliams House was recommended for nomination to the National Register for its local architectural significance as a Greek temple-form house. The massive two-story portico with its fluted columns is unusual in Cincinnati, where most 19th century houses of this type have been demolished. Cleveland / Cuyahoga County Halle's Shaker Square was added to the National Register for its association with the history of commerce in Cleveland and for its local architectural significance. Founded in 1891, Halle Brothers was one of Cleveland’s premier retailers during the golden age of downtown department stores. When Halle’s Shaker Square was completed in 1948, it was the Cleveland area’s largest suburban department store branch and the first to be built in the new International style. It was strategically located at the Shaker Square shopping center, opposite the Shaker Rapid line to downtown Cleveland and surrounded by 10,000 upper middle class households. Architectural standards put in place several decades before by the Van Sweringen Co., developer of Shaker Square and Shaker Heights, favored traditional styles. The modern Halle's store was the first departure from traditional Colonial, Norman, and Tudor styles to be approved by the Van Sweringen Co. Cleveland architects Conrad, Hayes, Simpson, Ruth and Robert A. Little related the International style Halle’s store to the Colonial style buildings of Shaker Square by holding the height to two stories and using similar materials including red brick, slate, and limestone, though in a different way. The plan of the store responded to careful observation of pedestrian and vehicular traffic patterns at the site, reflecting the modernist idea that form should follow function. Inside, open bar joists spanning 43 feet allowed a sales area uninterrupted by columns. Air conditioning flowed through perforations in a modular ceiling system that also featured flexible lighting. Movable partition walls hung from the ceiling joists. The innovative design and successful integration of old and new at Halle’s Shaker Square won a medal for best store building of 1948 from the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and another from the Ohio Society of Architects. The store appeared in Architectural Forum under the headline "Branch store breaks modern design blockade in Cleveland." Halle’s Shaker Square operated until 1982, when all of the Halle stores were liquidated. Cleveland / Cuyahoga County Rockefeller Park was added to the National Register for its association with the late 19th and early 20th century recreation and parks movement, and as an example of Victorian Picturesque landscape design. The design of the park is a major work of Boston landscape architect Ernest W. Bowditch (1849-1918). Responsible for the Cleveland Parks Plan of 1894, Bowditch also planned Euclid Heights and Clifton Park in the Cleveland area, the town of Tuxedo Park, NY, and estate grounds in Newport, RI. Within Rockefeller Park are Cleveland’s Cultural Gardens, significant for their association with the early 20th century desire for international cooperation, world peace, and unity of different nationalities, ethnicities, and races-the same impulses that led to establishment of the League of Nations and United Nations. Representing the ethnic diversity of Cleveland, which attracted an influx of immigrants from central, southern, and eastern Europe during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, they also reflect the activity of early to mid-20th-century civic improvement groups who played an important role in economic development and city beautification. Largely built from 1934-1940 with labor from the Works Progress Administration (WPA), a program of the Roosevelt Administration's New Deal, they reflect WPA efforts to fight unemployment through public works projects. They also represent the New Deal's strong support of public art, especially art that fostered local and regional pride and civic values. As professionally designed formal gardens, they are also significant as an example of early to mid-20th-century Neoclassical style landscape architecture, and as a manifestation of City Beautiful era planning principles. Each garden is unique, and many include elements that reflect the traditional arts or architecture of the cultures that they represent. Many feature sculptures of prominent artists, writers, poets, and religious and political leaders, including work by internationally recognized sculptor Alexander Archipenko and a large collection of work by Cleveland-born Czech-American sculptor Frank Jirouch. Cleveland / Cuyahoga County The South Brooklyn Commercial Historic District was added to the National Register for its association with the Cleveland area’s most intensive period of growth and development and for its late 19th and early 20th century commercial buildings. South Brooklyn was promoted as offering affordable middle-class homes closer to downtown Cleveland than other developing suburbs, yet above the industrial valley and removed from the noise and pollution of the city. Architectural styles represented in the historic district include Queen Anne, Commercial, Craftsman, Colonial Revival, Renaissance Revival, Beaux Arts and Art Deco. Columbus / Franklin County The Franklinton Rowhouse Apartments at Broad and Hawkes is one of four large-scale, L-shaped, rowhouse-type apartment buildings built at corner locations in Franklinton in 1900. It was added to the National Register for its association with the residential boom that occurred in response to increased industrial development, improved transportation systems, and civic infrastructure improvements on the near west side of Columbus at the turn of the 20th century. Columbus / Franklin County The Franklinton Rowhouse Apartments at State and May, also known as The Castle, is one of four large-scale, L-shaped, rowhouse-type apartment buildings built at corner locations in Franklinton in 1900. It was added to the National Register for its association with the residential boom that occurred in response to increased industrial development, improved transportation systems, and civic infrastructure improvements on the near west side of Columbus at the turn of the 20th century. Jackson / Jackson County Scioto Grange No. 1234 has been added to the National Register for its association with the history of the Grange movement in rural Jackson County. The first general farm organization in the country, the National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry, commonly known as the Grange, was organized in 1867 to unite farmers in the U.S., promote cooperative marketing and purchasing, and push for state and federal legislation favorable to farmers. The first Ohio Grange was organized in East Cleveland in 1870. The State Grange of Ohio was organized in 1873. Thanks to the educational and social aspects of Grange membership, by the end of 1900 over 25,000 members were organized into 445 Granges. Scioto Grange No. 1234 was organized in 1897, and its simple one-story white frame Grange hall was built the same year. A center of rural educational and social activities, over the years it has been the site of Grange and 4-H Club meetings, family reunions, community dinners, square dances, and wedding and baby showers. Part of the hall served as a community store from 1907-1937, and from 1917-1935 it served as a school. There are no other historic Grange buildings in use in Jackson County. Lorain / Lorain County The Gould Block was added to the National Register for its local architectural significance. An example of the Renaissance Revival style of the 1920s, the building anchors a pivotal downtown intersection and occupies nearly two-thirds of a city block. Clad in white terra cotta, the Gould Block is a symbol of Lorain's re-emergence as an important commercial center after a 1924 tornado destroyed much of the city and a March 31, 1928 fire burned all of the block where the Gould Block now stands. Completed in 1928, the Gould Block initially housed a J.C. Penney Co. store and Kline's Department Store, for decades the largest retailer in Lorain County. Mentor / Lake County Mentor Village School was added to the National Register for its local significance as the only school in the village of Mentor from 1914 until the 1950s and for its local architectural significance as an example of the early work of Franz Childs Warner, a prominent northeast Ohio school architect who designed more than one hundred schools between 1911 and 1940. The 1929 and 1949 additions are the work of Maier & Walsh, a Cleveland firm working from 1925 until about 1952. The school is the third on the site, which was already occupied by a school when the Village of Mentor was organized in 1855. Oxford / Butler County Completed in 1938, the Sigma Alpha Epsilon (SAE) Chapter House at Miami University was added to the National Register for its architectural significance as an example of the early 20th century English Tudor Revival style. Modeled after Sulgrave Manor, ancestral home of George Washington in Banbury, Oxfordshire, which dates from 1539, it is the work of Russell S. Potter, FAIA, (1898-1966) a prominent Cincinnati architect who was dean of the architecture school at Miami University from 1933 to 1947. Tudor style features include the simple massing of the main block; the brick and stone walls; the steep-pitched slate roof; and the stone porch with Tudor-arched surround surmounted by a copper lantern and carved stone crest. Pandora vicinity / Putnam County The Bridenbaugh District No. 3 Schoolhouse was added to the National Register for its association with the education of children in District No. 3 of Riley Township from 1889-1927. The restored one-room red brick schoolhouse is typical of those which served students in rural districts throughout Ohio in the 19th and early 20th centuries before the introduction of consolidated schools. Rock Creek / Ashtabula County Consisting of an 1869 building and three additions, Rock Creek School was added to the National Register for its association with the history of public education in Rock Creek. It exemplifies the local response to educational trends over an 80-year period. Built to serve the needs of the community, as well as the needs of students, the Neoclassical style building reflects early 20th century trends in school building, including a gymnasium built in response to the introduction of physical education, and fire-safe construction with many exits. West Milton / Miami County The 1909 McKinley School was added to the National Register for its association with the history of education in West Milton and as an example of an early 20th century village school built to house all grades in a single location. McKinley School was the first state-supported County Normal School in Ohio to be established following passage of the Rural School Codes Act (1914), a significant piece of legislation that streamlined and regulated the examination and certification process for teachers across Ohio. It provided teacher training from 1914 to 1927, graduating over 200 teachers during that time. The monumental Neoclassical style building expresses the value that the citizens of West Milton placed on education at the time it was built. Youngstown and Boardman Township / Mahoning County A center of recreation for generations of Youngstown area residents, Mill Creek Park was added to the National Register for its association with the history of recreation, landscape architecture, architecture, and engineering in the Mahoning Valley. The National Register historic district includes all of the parts of the park that are more than 50 years old, encompassing 1550 acres of the 2600+ acre park. The catalyst for state legislation providing for township parks in Ohio, it was the first park constructed following the Township Parks Improvement Act of 1891. Written by Youngstown attorney Volney Rogers, the law enabled communities and especially townships to establish and administer parks. The design and plan of Mill Creek Park and its structures reflect Youngstown’s heyday as a national center of the iron and steel industries, when city leaders sought to sponsor designs of national significance. Park commissioners employed Charles Eliot of Boston and H.W.S. Cleveland of Minneapolis to plan the park and its landscape, with park structures by Youngstown architect William B. Ellis, Boston architect Julius A. Schweinfurth, and a nearby private residence by Youngstown architect Charles F. Owsley. Bridges were designed by Schweinfurth, Boston architects Shepley Rutan & Coolidge, and nationally known bridge designer Charles Fowler. Two dams were designed by New York engineer E. Sherman Gould. The billing schedule and minute books suggest that Volney Rogers played a large role in the design of vistas, bridges, trails, and roadways, especially after Cleveland retired (1895) and Eliot died (1897). -30-
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